সুপ্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, শুভেচ্ছা রইলো। আজ আমরা ইংরেজি ২য় পত্রে Grammar এর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ item Modifier নিয়ে আলোচনা করছি।
USE OF MODIFIER
যে Word/Phrase Noun এর পূর্বে অথবা পরে বসে উক্ত Noun কে Modify করে অর্থাৎ উক্ত Noun-এর দোষ, গুণ, সংখ্যা, অবস্থান অথবা উক্ত Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত কোন তথ্য প্রদান করে তাকে Modifier বলে।
যে Modifier Noun এর পূর্বে বসে তাকে Pre Modifier এবং যে Modifier Noun এর পরে বসে তাকে Post Modifier বলে।
Different types of Pre and Post Modifier:
i. Adjective
ii. Participle (Present and Past)
iii. Noun
iv. Noun adjective
v. Determiner
vi. Possessive
vii. Adverb
viii. Infinitive
ix. Prepositional phrase
x. Appositive
Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Most of the people in (a) ____ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English, (b) ____ (Post-modify the noun with an appositive). In fact, it is an (c) _____ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a global village. So, if you know English (d) ____ (post-modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) ___ (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) ___ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without Knowledge of English, you cannot complete (g) ____ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English. Poor Knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) ___ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) development. In short, if you do not have a good command over English, you will suffer (i) ____ (Post –modify the verb with prepositional phrase/adverbial) of your life. So, don’t waste your time and try to learn English (j) ___ (Post modify the verb with an adverb) from today.
Answer: (a) Our (b) the most important language in the world (c) international (d) well (e) the (f) communication (g) your (h) career (i) in every step (j) attentively.
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
AG^Æi cwieZÆb bv NwUGq ‰KwU Sentence ˆK AbÅ AvGiKwU Sentence ‰ cwieZÆb KivB nGjv Transformations of sentence ev Changing Sentence. ˆhgb: Affirmative: The girl is honest. (ˆgGqwU mr)
Negative: The girl is not dishonest. (মেয়েটি অসৎ নয়)
Note: এখানে ংবহঃবহপব রূপের পরিবর্তন হয়েছে অর্থের কোন পরিবর্তন হয়নি। honest এর Antonym ‘dishonest’ ব্যবহার করে অর্থকে ঠিক রাখা হয়েছে।
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, তোমাদের আবারো বলছি Grammar এর প্রত্যেকটি item একে অপরের সাথে সম্পর্কিত। Transformation of sentence এর সাথেও রয়েছে Synonym, Antonym, clause, parts of speech, verb এর বিভিন্ন রূপ সহ Tense এর নিবিড় সম্পর্ক।
Read the text and change the sentences as directed.
a. Poverty is the greatest problem in our country. (make it positive) But we hardly realize that this miserable condition is our own creation.
b. Many people do not try to better their conditions by hard labour. (Make it compound)
c. They only curse their fate. (Make it passive) But this is not reality.
d. It is man who is the maker of his own fortune. (Make it simple) So, they should work hard to improve their lot.
e. By working hard, they can remove their poverty (Make it negative)
Answer:
a. No other problem in our country is as great as poverty.
b. Many people do not try hard and better their condition.
c. Their fate is only cursed by them.
d. Man is the maker of his own fortune.
e. Without working hard, they can’t remove their poverty.
COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH SUITABLE PREPOSITIONS.
Man is fond (a) ____ turning back from the present to the past again and again. Nothing is more pleasant (b) ___ him than memories of his childhood. Whenever I am sick of the present, I try to get relief (c) ___ the past day of my childhood. A man can not remember every thing that happened in his childhood. But certain events are stored in the sub-conscious mind. They sometime peep (d) __ minds eye. My play ground was the bank of the mighty Teesta. In all the seasons this river had great attraction (e)___ me. Whenever I was not (f) __ home. I could be found (g) __ its bank. There would be other children also (h) ___ me. We Used to row on the river, jum (i) ___ it and swim (j) __.
Answer: (a) of (b) to (c) in (d) through (e) for (f) at (g) on (h) with (i) into (j) in
